The Hindustan Ambassador is a car manufactured by Hindustan Motors of India. It has been in production since 1948 with few modifications or changes and is based on the Morris Oxford III model first made by the Morris Motor Company at Cowley, Oxford in the United Kingdom from 1956 to 1959.
Despite its British origins, the Ambassador is considered as a definitive Indian car and is fondly called "The king of Indian roads". The automobile is manufactured by Hindustan Motors at its Uttarpara plant[1] near Kolkata, West Bengal.It is the most popular car in India and is perceived to be best suited to the harsh Indian terrain due to its very good suspension. Its iconic status was helped by the fact that it was the preferred means of conveyance of India's political leadership, including the Prime Minister of India, before they moved on[citation needed] to other luxury cars and SUVs. In 2002, then-Indian PM Atal Bihari Vajpayee started traveling in an armored BMW 7i vehicle for security purposes. However, some prominent Indian politicians, such as Sonia Gandhi, continue with their preference for the Hindustan Ambassador.
Maruti Gypsy
The Maruti Gypsy is a four wheel drive SUV based on the long wheelbase Suzuki Jimny SJ series vehicles.
It is manufactured in India by Maruti Suzuki. It was introduced in the Indian market in 1985 with the 970cc F10A Suzuki engine and was an instant hit in the civilian market as well as with law enforcement. It was codenamed MG410 that stood for Maruti Gypsy 4 cylinder 1.0 litre engine. Initially, it was only available as a soft-top; but a bolt on hardtop was later introduced to the public after the aftermarket hardtops became extremely popular. It instantly replaced Premier Padmini as the quintessential Indian rally car due to its performance, reliability, tunability and the go-anywhere capability. The carburetted F10A engine made 45bhp and was mated to a 4 speed gearbox. The 4WD transfer case had 2 speeds. It had a freewheeling mechanism on the front axles made by Aisin to unlock the front axles from the hub when 4WD is not used; It reduced rolling resistance, thereby improving fuel efficiency.However, many owners of the Gypsy who constantly complained about the poor fuel consumption never knew about this novel feature.
The two major complaints of the vehicle in the civilian market were poor fuel consumption and poor ride quality especially in the rear seats. The suspension was indeed harsh with live axles and leaf springs all around. It features almost no creature comforts, like power-windows and power-assisted steering.
In July 1993, Maruti introduced the "widetrack Gypsy" codenamed MG410W replacing the MG410. Both front and rear track of the wheels are increased by 90mm (from 1210mm to 1300mm for front wheels and from 1220 mm to 1310mm for rear wheels) and these Gypsys are instantly recognizable by the pronounced painted fender flares. This is to mitigate an international allegation that Suzuki SUVs are very suceptible to rollover. Maruti eliminated the Aisin freewheeling hub on this model since it was sparingly used by MG410 owners. In April 1995, a catalytic convertor was fitted to the Gypsys sold in the metro cities to comply with newly introduced emmission standards.
In June 1997, Maruti replaced the engine with that of the Esteem effectively putting the F10A engine out of prodcution. The new engine was the all aluminium 8-valve G13BA engine displacing 1.3L and made a respectable 65bhp. This engine was carburetted unlike the US market G13BA engine. It was mated to a new 5-speed gearbox. It was codenamed MG413W and was officially called the Gypsy King. The visual differences of Gypsy King compared to MG410W are the pronounced bulge on the hood and a completely different grille design with horizontal slats à la 1.3L Suzuki Jimny/Samurai. Front seats received head restraints and fabric upholstery. In March 2000, Maruti introduced the 16-Valve MPFI G13BB engine and power was increased to 80bhp. The MPFI Gypsy King received brake booster as well.
The Gypsy was exported to countries like Chile and Kenya. Within Europe, it is most often found in Malta and Hungary. In contrast to Suzuki Jimny, the Gypsy is available either with 4 bucket seats or rear bench seats and a sizeable trunk. Currently, the Gypsy is available as a "soft top", "hard top " and as an "ambulance car". In India, it is widely used by the police and defense forces. In fact, the MG413W model is now the mainstay of the Indian Army. In civilian use, the Gypsy is a popular choice as a low-cost SUV and is a common sight at rally and autocross events.
As quoted by Autocar India, "There is nothing that can touch a Gypsy off the road, except perhaps an Arjun battle tank.The trouble is that everything else does better on the road - the ride from the archaic leaf springs all round is horribly bumpy and the interiors are utilitarian as well. Gypsy in a loaded condition (>200 kg load ) is more comfortable. And available with only two doors, its inconvenient too." The price of a new Maruti Gypsy, if purchased in India, is US $12,500 (5,00,000 INR in 2008). As a 4x4 at this price point, its only Indian competitors are sold by Mahindra and Force Motors. The petrol engine in the Gypsy is also much more refined than the diesel mills used in the cars from the two aforementioned companies. As of 2010, the Gypsy is only available against an order with an advance payment and a waiting period of over 3 months. This has led to the creation of a strong market for used Maruti Gypsys.
It is manufactured in India by Maruti Suzuki. It was introduced in the Indian market in 1985 with the 970cc F10A Suzuki engine and was an instant hit in the civilian market as well as with law enforcement. It was codenamed MG410 that stood for Maruti Gypsy 4 cylinder 1.0 litre engine. Initially, it was only available as a soft-top; but a bolt on hardtop was later introduced to the public after the aftermarket hardtops became extremely popular. It instantly replaced Premier Padmini as the quintessential Indian rally car due to its performance, reliability, tunability and the go-anywhere capability. The carburetted F10A engine made 45bhp and was mated to a 4 speed gearbox. The 4WD transfer case had 2 speeds. It had a freewheeling mechanism on the front axles made by Aisin to unlock the front axles from the hub when 4WD is not used; It reduced rolling resistance, thereby improving fuel efficiency.However, many owners of the Gypsy who constantly complained about the poor fuel consumption never knew about this novel feature.
The two major complaints of the vehicle in the civilian market were poor fuel consumption and poor ride quality especially in the rear seats. The suspension was indeed harsh with live axles and leaf springs all around. It features almost no creature comforts, like power-windows and power-assisted steering.
In July 1993, Maruti introduced the "widetrack Gypsy" codenamed MG410W replacing the MG410. Both front and rear track of the wheels are increased by 90mm (from 1210mm to 1300mm for front wheels and from 1220 mm to 1310mm for rear wheels) and these Gypsys are instantly recognizable by the pronounced painted fender flares. This is to mitigate an international allegation that Suzuki SUVs are very suceptible to rollover. Maruti eliminated the Aisin freewheeling hub on this model since it was sparingly used by MG410 owners. In April 1995, a catalytic convertor was fitted to the Gypsys sold in the metro cities to comply with newly introduced emmission standards.
In June 1997, Maruti replaced the engine with that of the Esteem effectively putting the F10A engine out of prodcution. The new engine was the all aluminium 8-valve G13BA engine displacing 1.3L and made a respectable 65bhp. This engine was carburetted unlike the US market G13BA engine. It was mated to a new 5-speed gearbox. It was codenamed MG413W and was officially called the Gypsy King. The visual differences of Gypsy King compared to MG410W are the pronounced bulge on the hood and a completely different grille design with horizontal slats à la 1.3L Suzuki Jimny/Samurai. Front seats received head restraints and fabric upholstery. In March 2000, Maruti introduced the 16-Valve MPFI G13BB engine and power was increased to 80bhp. The MPFI Gypsy King received brake booster as well.
The Gypsy was exported to countries like Chile and Kenya. Within Europe, it is most often found in Malta and Hungary. In contrast to Suzuki Jimny, the Gypsy is available either with 4 bucket seats or rear bench seats and a sizeable trunk. Currently, the Gypsy is available as a "soft top", "hard top " and as an "ambulance car". In India, it is widely used by the police and defense forces. In fact, the MG413W model is now the mainstay of the Indian Army. In civilian use, the Gypsy is a popular choice as a low-cost SUV and is a common sight at rally and autocross events.
As quoted by Autocar India, "There is nothing that can touch a Gypsy off the road, except perhaps an Arjun battle tank.The trouble is that everything else does better on the road - the ride from the archaic leaf springs all round is horribly bumpy and the interiors are utilitarian as well. Gypsy in a loaded condition (>200 kg load ) is more comfortable. And available with only two doors, its inconvenient too." The price of a new Maruti Gypsy, if purchased in India, is US $12,500 (5,00,000 INR in 2008). As a 4x4 at this price point, its only Indian competitors are sold by Mahindra and Force Motors. The petrol engine in the Gypsy is also much more refined than the diesel mills used in the cars from the two aforementioned companies. As of 2010, the Gypsy is only available against an order with an advance payment and a waiting period of over 3 months. This has led to the creation of a strong market for used Maruti Gypsys.
Tara Tiny
Tara Tiny Manufacturer Tara International
Parent company Bengal Enamel
Also called The cheapest Car
Production 2008–present
Assembly Kolkata, West Bengal
Predecessor none
Class City car
Tara Tiny is a projected electric car to be manufactured by India's Tara International, an arm of Bengal Enamel, in association with China's Aucma.
The Tiny is projected to be the world's least expensive car, priced at Rs. 99,000 (approx USD 2,450), which is less than that of Tata Nano.
The Tiny is projected to be battery operated, providing 1 km (0.62 mi) at 50-70 paise (Rs. .50-.70).
Tara International projects the launch of three other versions of the car: Tara Titu, Tara Micro and Tara Mini., proposes to import 60-70% components from China and manufacture the remainder in India.
Specifications of Tara Tiny are as follows:
No of seats: 4
Net weight: 850 kg (1,874 lb)
Wheel base: 2,150 mm (84.6 in)
Maximum speed: 50 km/h (31 mph)
Maximum grade ability: 15%
Motor power: 3 kW (4 hp)
Battery voltage: 6V*10
Recharge duration: 8 hours
Driving charge: 120 km
Ground clearance: 150 mm
Running cost: 40 p/km
Battery capacity: 200 Ah
Parent company Bengal Enamel
Also called The cheapest Car
Production 2008–present
Assembly Kolkata, West Bengal
Predecessor none
Class City car
Tara Tiny is a projected electric car to be manufactured by India's Tara International, an arm of Bengal Enamel, in association with China's Aucma.
The Tiny is projected to be the world's least expensive car, priced at Rs. 99,000 (approx USD 2,450), which is less than that of Tata Nano.
The Tiny is projected to be battery operated, providing 1 km (0.62 mi) at 50-70 paise (Rs. .50-.70).
Tara International projects the launch of three other versions of the car: Tara Titu, Tara Micro and Tara Mini., proposes to import 60-70% components from China and manufacture the remainder in India.
Specifications of Tara Tiny are as follows:
No of seats: 4
Net weight: 850 kg (1,874 lb)
Wheel base: 2,150 mm (84.6 in)
Maximum speed: 50 km/h (31 mph)
Maximum grade ability: 15%
Motor power: 3 kW (4 hp)
Battery voltage: 6V*10
Recharge duration: 8 hours
Driving charge: 120 km
Ground clearance: 150 mm
Running cost: 40 p/km
Battery capacity: 200 Ah
Daewoo Damas
The Daewoo Damas is a microvan produced by South Korean automaker GM Daewoo since 1991 as a rebadged Suzuki Carry. It is currently in its second generation and is available in van and pickup body styles, the latter of which is marketed as the Daewoo Labo.
In some export markets, the Daewoo Damas was known as the Daewoo Attivo, and since GM's takeover of Daewoo, it has been known in some markets, such as Central America, as the Chevrolet CMV for the passenger van and Chevrolet CMP for the pickup truck.
The Damas and Labo come with a SOHC LPG-powered 0.8-litre engine.
The Damas microvan is available as a 7-seat coach, 5-seat coach, or 2-seat cargo van styles and comes with various options based on DLX (dexlue) and SUPER models. The Labos is also available in STD (standard), DLX (dexlue), and SUPER models. Two main choices of the Labos body type are the cube van and the drop-side pickup truck. The pickup has an optional electric tailgate lift.
The Damas is the predominant form of public transport in Uzbekistan – so much so that other busses, such as Mercedes microbuses, are called Big Damsa. In Damas Marshrutkas, generally far more than 7 passengers are crammed.
Both the Damas and Labos are only available with a manual transmission. Air conditioning is optional. But a 0.8-litre engine hasn't sufficient power to both carry cargo swiftly, and deliver cold air from the aircon unit at the same time without struggling. The engine struggles and shakes (potentially leading to a stall) if you try both. However, for its purpose, the car is excellent, reliable, durable and nippy around town (and outskirts, as long as speeds over 100km/h (62 mph) are not required - beyond which the top speed can be exceeded, but uncomfortably
In some export markets, the Daewoo Damas was known as the Daewoo Attivo, and since GM's takeover of Daewoo, it has been known in some markets, such as Central America, as the Chevrolet CMV for the passenger van and Chevrolet CMP for the pickup truck.
The Damas and Labo come with a SOHC LPG-powered 0.8-litre engine.
The Damas microvan is available as a 7-seat coach, 5-seat coach, or 2-seat cargo van styles and comes with various options based on DLX (dexlue) and SUPER models. The Labos is also available in STD (standard), DLX (dexlue), and SUPER models. Two main choices of the Labos body type are the cube van and the drop-side pickup truck. The pickup has an optional electric tailgate lift.
The Damas is the predominant form of public transport in Uzbekistan – so much so that other busses, such as Mercedes microbuses, are called Big Damsa. In Damas Marshrutkas, generally far more than 7 passengers are crammed.
Both the Damas and Labos are only available with a manual transmission. Air conditioning is optional. But a 0.8-litre engine hasn't sufficient power to both carry cargo swiftly, and deliver cold air from the aircon unit at the same time without struggling. The engine struggles and shakes (potentially leading to a stall) if you try both. However, for its purpose, the car is excellent, reliable, durable and nippy around town (and outskirts, as long as speeds over 100km/h (62 mph) are not required - beyond which the top speed can be exceeded, but uncomfortably
Suzuki Carry
The Suzuki Carry is a kei truck produced by the Japanese automaker Suzuki. The microvan version was originally called the Carry van until 1982 when the van was renamed as the (Japanese: Suzuki Every). In Japan, the Carry and Every are Kei cars but Suzuki Every Landy, the bigger exported version of Every had a longer hood for safety purposes and a larger 1.3-liter 82 hp (61 kW) 4-cylinder engine. They are given different names and sold in several countries.
The Carry truck and Every van compete with the Honda Acty truck and the Honda Vamos van, the Subaru Sambar truck and van, and the Daihatsu Atrai truck and van in Japan.
The Carry was constructed with a ladder frame architecture. The van version was a five-door, with dual sliding rear side doors; available as rear-wheel drive or four-wheel drive.
Early models (1960-1970s) had a 360 or 450(export model) cc 2-cylinder, 2-stroke engine mounted horizontally underneath the load area. The starter and generator were combined and mounted directly on the front of the crankshaft. Later models had an 550, 660 and 800(export model) cc 3-cylinder, 4-stroke engines unconventionally mounted beneath the cab.
In 1976 the ST20K was released.The "K" referred to the "trucklike" nature of the vehicle in that it had 3 drop sides as opposed to the utility version which had only a tailgate and formed sides. It had a 3 cylinder 539 cc water cooled 2 stroke engine and a carrying capacity of 350 kg (772 lb).
Interestingly, early Suzuki Carrys are popularly called "Half Loafs" in South Africa, referring to "half a loaf of bread" (still a staple of many South Africans). In Cape Town and Durban, many of these little vans are seen painted in bright yellow with green artwork and a chopped-off open rear end. These are part of large fleets of privately owned public transport vehicles which fit between normal taxis and city buses. You'd literally hop in at the back, pass the driver (always within arm's length!) a Rand or two, and simply jump off at your destination. Unsurprisingly, these vehicles are known as "Half Loaf Taxis".
The Carry truck and Every van compete with the Honda Acty truck and the Honda Vamos van, the Subaru Sambar truck and van, and the Daihatsu Atrai truck and van in Japan.
The Carry was constructed with a ladder frame architecture. The van version was a five-door, with dual sliding rear side doors; available as rear-wheel drive or four-wheel drive.
Early models (1960-1970s) had a 360 or 450(export model) cc 2-cylinder, 2-stroke engine mounted horizontally underneath the load area. The starter and generator were combined and mounted directly on the front of the crankshaft. Later models had an 550, 660 and 800(export model) cc 3-cylinder, 4-stroke engines unconventionally mounted beneath the cab.
In 1976 the ST20K was released.The "K" referred to the "trucklike" nature of the vehicle in that it had 3 drop sides as opposed to the utility version which had only a tailgate and formed sides. It had a 3 cylinder 539 cc water cooled 2 stroke engine and a carrying capacity of 350 kg (772 lb).
Interestingly, early Suzuki Carrys are popularly called "Half Loafs" in South Africa, referring to "half a loaf of bread" (still a staple of many South Africans). In Cape Town and Durban, many of these little vans are seen painted in bright yellow with green artwork and a chopped-off open rear end. These are part of large fleets of privately owned public transport vehicles which fit between normal taxis and city buses. You'd literally hop in at the back, pass the driver (always within arm's length!) a Rand or two, and simply jump off at your destination. Unsurprisingly, these vehicles are known as "Half Loaf Taxis".
Daewoo Tico
Polish Daewoo TicoThe Daewoo Tico is a city car produced by the Korean automaker GM Daewoo from 1991 to 2001 and from 1996 to 2008 from the Egyptian Speranza.
The Tico was based on the 1988 Suzuki Alto. The car was equipped with a three-cylinder 796 cc S-TEC engine and had a five-speed manual transmission or three-speed automatic transmission. The Tico was exported to Europe, mainly to eastern markets. It was highly popular in such countries as: Romania, Bulgaria, Macedonia, Poland and Czech Republic. It was also exported to Latin America where it also was named Daewoo Fino for some markets. It was especially popular in Peru.
Over its years of production, the Tico has seen serious modifications, mostly to the engine. Originally equipped with a carburetor (47 bhp), it was later upgraded to fuel injection, thus reaching Euro 2 pollution standard. Injection gave an increase of power. Some versions of the Tico in the Korean domestic market were powered on liquefied petroleum gas.
Daewoo assembled the Tico at the old Oltcit factory in Romania, and at the FSO factory in Poland.
In 2000, the Tico was replaced with a new car, the Daewoo Matiz. The Tico was sold alongside the Matiz until 2001.
The Tico was based on the 1988 Suzuki Alto. The car was equipped with a three-cylinder 796 cc S-TEC engine and had a five-speed manual transmission or three-speed automatic transmission. The Tico was exported to Europe, mainly to eastern markets. It was highly popular in such countries as: Romania, Bulgaria, Macedonia, Poland and Czech Republic. It was also exported to Latin America where it also was named Daewoo Fino for some markets. It was especially popular in Peru.
Over its years of production, the Tico has seen serious modifications, mostly to the engine. Originally equipped with a carburetor (47 bhp), it was later upgraded to fuel injection, thus reaching Euro 2 pollution standard. Injection gave an increase of power. Some versions of the Tico in the Korean domestic market were powered on liquefied petroleum gas.
Daewoo assembled the Tico at the old Oltcit factory in Romania, and at the FSO factory in Poland.
In 2000, the Tico was replaced with a new car, the Daewoo Matiz. The Tico was sold alongside the Matiz until 2001.
Suzuki Alto HA22
The 5th generation Alto (HA12/22) was introduced in 1998. The styling was generally more rounded, the shape of the cabin showing the Alto's relationship with the new Kei. The 658-cc engine was produced in a version without a turbocharger, joining the turbocharged version and the 657-cc engines. Several derivatives were produced from this generation. Suzuki produced two "classic-style" versions: the Alto C with a deep chrome grille and a curious headlamp arrangement by which circular main lamps were joined with ovoid sidelights and indicators, which was shared with the Alto Works; and the Alto C2 which had separate headlamps and sidelights and a wider grille. Mazda also sold the standard Alto as the Carol, and Mitsuoka used the Carol as a basis for their Ray.
Maruti Alto
The Maruti Alto is the Indian-built Suzuki Alto version, manufactured by Maruti Suzuki in India. It was launched in the local Indian market on September 27, 2000 although the Alto nameplate was very successfully being used to export the Maruti Zen to Europe from India since around 1994 having captured over 40% market share in Belgium and 33% in Netherlands by 1998. It is the best-selling hatchback in India. Since 2006, It is India's largest selling car and crossed the 1 million production figure in February 2008 becoming the 3rd Maruti model to cross the million mark in India after Maruti 800 and Maruti Omni and 4th overall joining Hyundai Santro. Besides being exported to Europe from 1994-2004, it has also been exported to several other countries.
Specifications
The Alto is powered by a 796 cc gasoline engine with 3 cylinder, 4 valves per cylinder MPFI engine with 32bit ECM.
Maximum Power: 47 PS (35 kW)
Acceleration 0-100 km/h: approximately 20 seconds
Top Speed: 137 km/h (85 mph)
Specifications
The Alto is powered by a 796 cc gasoline engine with 3 cylinder, 4 valves per cylinder MPFI engine with 32bit ECM.
Maximum Power: 47 PS (35 kW)
Acceleration 0-100 km/h: approximately 20 seconds
Top Speed: 137 km/h (85 mph)
Variants
The Alto is offered in the following variants
Base model - (non-ac, launched in 2004[9], Mumbai price approx. 2.4 lakh Rs. as of December 2008)
LX - Base model with A/c, cup holders, fabric seats , remote fuel lid opener and few small changes, Mumbai price approx. 2.7-2.75 lakh Rs. as of December 2008
LXi - Same as LX with power steering, Mumbai price 2.85-2.9 lakh Rs. as of December 2008
There used to be a VX/VXi model with a 4-cylinder 1061 cc engine (64 bhp/80 Nm torque) launched in April 2001. This has now been discontinued. But this VX model is still sold in certain European countries. The Alto VX model also featured a tachometer which was absent in LX model. All models are equipped with 5-speed manual transmission.
The popularity of the Alto has increased over the past few years, mainly due to the reduction in prices. This reduction in prices has mainly come in due to the reduction in excise duty over time. Alto was the first brand In Indian Domestic Automotive History to sell over 200,000 units in a single financial year, the last 100,000 units being sold in 5 months. Alto was the only brand to sell over 22,000 units in a single month, making it the largest selling car in India.
The Alto is offered in the following variants
Base model - (non-ac, launched in 2004[9], Mumbai price approx. 2.4 lakh Rs. as of December 2008)
LX - Base model with A/c, cup holders, fabric seats , remote fuel lid opener and few small changes, Mumbai price approx. 2.7-2.75 lakh Rs. as of December 2008
LXi - Same as LX with power steering, Mumbai price 2.85-2.9 lakh Rs. as of December 2008
There used to be a VX/VXi model with a 4-cylinder 1061 cc engine (64 bhp/80 Nm torque) launched in April 2001. This has now been discontinued. But this VX model is still sold in certain European countries. The Alto VX model also featured a tachometer which was absent in LX model. All models are equipped with 5-speed manual transmission.
The popularity of the Alto has increased over the past few years, mainly due to the reduction in prices. This reduction in prices has mainly come in due to the reduction in excise duty over time. Alto was the first brand In Indian Domestic Automotive History to sell over 200,000 units in a single financial year, the last 100,000 units being sold in 5 months. Alto was the only brand to sell over 22,000 units in a single month, making it the largest selling car in India.
Maruti Suzuki A-Star
The 7th Generation is known in India as the Maruti Suzuki A-Star, but is also known as the Suzuki Celerio or Nissan Pixo in other places worldwide. It was launched in December 2008 by the Indo-Japanese auto maker Maruti Suzuki. It is the next generation Suzuki Alto and is exported worldwide. It is available in European markets as Nissan Pixo. The car was rolled out to the Indian customers in December 2008 and exports began in April 2009. A-Star means Alto-Star.
It comes in three variants - LXi, VXi and ZXi.
The initial expected prices in the Indian market are INR345,000 (ex-showroom Delhi) for the LXI, INR372,000 for the VXI and INR406,000 for the ZXI. With this price tag, the car is targeted at customers with budgets somewhere between the Zen Estilo and the Swift.
With a totally new body and engine, Maruti hopes to bring freshness to the Indian car market, of which it already holds a major share. Initial reviews have been positive. It has a fresh new dashboard, with a unique protruding tachometer besides the usual meter cowl (only in the ZXi trim). It is the fourth model after Swift, SX4 and Grand Vitara which has helped Maruti to make stylish cars, something which it was unknown for during older models.
Though the drive is comfortable for the front row, rear seating is a little small for taller passengers. The interiors have been reported to be a bit cramped as compared to the Hyundai i10, its closest competitor. It has the new K10B series engine, which Suzuki says is technically highly developed and gives a balance of fuel efficiency and power. The ZXi is the fully loaded version with all the expected features like power windows, central lock, ABS, rear wiper, fog lamps, CD player, airbags etc.
It is claimed to be the only car which will be available in 200 variants. It has won Best Small car award 2009 from AutocarIndia and Topgear. Technology of the Year from Overdrive.
On 23rd February,2010 Maruti Suzuki announced a recall of about 100,000 cars due to a fault discovered in the fuel pump of the car.
It comes in three variants - LXi, VXi and ZXi.
The initial expected prices in the Indian market are INR345,000 (ex-showroom Delhi) for the LXI, INR372,000 for the VXI and INR406,000 for the ZXI. With this price tag, the car is targeted at customers with budgets somewhere between the Zen Estilo and the Swift.
With a totally new body and engine, Maruti hopes to bring freshness to the Indian car market, of which it already holds a major share. Initial reviews have been positive. It has a fresh new dashboard, with a unique protruding tachometer besides the usual meter cowl (only in the ZXi trim). It is the fourth model after Swift, SX4 and Grand Vitara which has helped Maruti to make stylish cars, something which it was unknown for during older models.
Though the drive is comfortable for the front row, rear seating is a little small for taller passengers. The interiors have been reported to be a bit cramped as compared to the Hyundai i10, its closest competitor. It has the new K10B series engine, which Suzuki says is technically highly developed and gives a balance of fuel efficiency and power. The ZXi is the fully loaded version with all the expected features like power windows, central lock, ABS, rear wiper, fog lamps, CD player, airbags etc.
It is claimed to be the only car which will be available in 200 variants. It has won Best Small car award 2009 from AutocarIndia and Topgear. Technology of the Year from Overdrive.
On 23rd February,2010 Maruti Suzuki announced a recall of about 100,000 cars due to a fault discovered in the fuel pump of the car.
Honda Civic (fourth generation)
For 1988, the Civic's wheelbase was increased to 98.4 inches (250 cm). The body was redesigned with a lower hood line and more glass, giving less drag. The model range was fairly limited for the US, whereas the European and Japanese markets had a wider range. A 1.5 L 16-valve fuel injected engine giving 92 hp (68.6 kW) was used in the DX hatchback and sedan[citation needed], new LX sedan, and the American market wagon. The base hatchback also used a 16 valve 1.5 L which made 70 hp (52.2 kW) and used a dual-point throttle body fuel injection system with a restrictor plate. The Si and four-wheel drive wagons were powered by a 1.6 L 16-valve engine, rated at 108 hp (80.5 kW). All engines sold in the US were fuel injected. Carbureted models were available elsewhere. All Civics had a double-wishbone suspension in the front and multi-link trailing arm suspension in the rear. In 1990, the EX trim was introduced. Four-wheel drive wagons had standard steel wheels (white steel wheels with matching center caps were optional), a 6-speed manual transmission (with a super-low gear left of first) or an optional 4-speed automatic. Four-wheel drive was also available on the sedan in some markets.[citation needed]The wagon, known in Japan as the Civic Shuttle continued as a commercial delivery van called the Honda Partner starting with model year 1996.
The base model of the 4th generation Civic had a 1.2 L SOHC, this single carbureted engine was not available for the European and American market. For Europe the base model was the 1.3 Luxe (23L and 23U for the Japanese market) 1.3 L SOHC single carbureted engine. Next engine was the 1.4 L which was not available in the USA and Japan.[citation needed] It was a 1.4 L SOHC I4 dual carbureted engine that was aThe 1.5 L SOHC engine came in a wide variety of models, dual-point injection, single carbureted and dual carbureted. Those engines were available in the Japanese-market 25X and 25XT, American-market DX and STD models, and European 1.5i GL and GLX models. The LX model offered over the base and DX models such accoutrements as power windows, power mirrors, power door locks, and cruise controlvailable only in 1988 and 1989; (replaced by the 1.5i GL and GLX in 1990).
Next in line was the 1.6 L SOHC. Simply 1.6i for the European market and Si for the American market (US top model). (not to be confused with the JDM Si, which is a (ZC) D16a8/9 1.6 L DOHC) Second highest model was the American Si. It was equipped with a 1.6 L SOHC (D16A6) engine and delivered 106 hp (79 kW). The European 1.6i GT and 1.6i-16 (depends on country) had a ZC like 1.6 L DOHC engine and produced 124 hp (D16Z5) or 130 hp (D16A9). All DOHC engines are equipped with Honda's multi-point fuel injection system (although there seems to have been a 1.6 L DOHC non-VTEC with dual carburetors for the 4th generation).
Top model of the hatchback was the Japanese SiR with the 160 hp (120 kW) B16A engine. In Europe the SiR was called 1.6i-VT and had a similar B16A1 engine. These top models of the 4th generation Civic were equipped with the VTEC system
In 1990 the 4th generation Civic had a light facelift. Some things that changed were the front bumper design, the front corner lights no longer had the two screws on the outside, the gauge cluster cover shape slightly changed, tail light units design changed, and some American Civics received automatic seat belts (the sedan and wagon received automatic shoulder belts only, while the hatchback received automatic shoulder AND lap belts).
The base model of the 4th generation Civic had a 1.2 L SOHC, this single carbureted engine was not available for the European and American market. For Europe the base model was the 1.3 Luxe (23L and 23U for the Japanese market) 1.3 L SOHC single carbureted engine. Next engine was the 1.4 L which was not available in the USA and Japan.[citation needed] It was a 1.4 L SOHC I4 dual carbureted engine that was aThe 1.5 L SOHC engine came in a wide variety of models, dual-point injection, single carbureted and dual carbureted. Those engines were available in the Japanese-market 25X and 25XT, American-market DX and STD models, and European 1.5i GL and GLX models. The LX model offered over the base and DX models such accoutrements as power windows, power mirrors, power door locks, and cruise controlvailable only in 1988 and 1989; (replaced by the 1.5i GL and GLX in 1990).
Next in line was the 1.6 L SOHC. Simply 1.6i for the European market and Si for the American market (US top model). (not to be confused with the JDM Si, which is a (ZC) D16a8/9 1.6 L DOHC) Second highest model was the American Si. It was equipped with a 1.6 L SOHC (D16A6) engine and delivered 106 hp (79 kW). The European 1.6i GT and 1.6i-16 (depends on country) had a ZC like 1.6 L DOHC engine and produced 124 hp (D16Z5) or 130 hp (D16A9). All DOHC engines are equipped with Honda's multi-point fuel injection system (although there seems to have been a 1.6 L DOHC non-VTEC with dual carburetors for the 4th generation).
Top model of the hatchback was the Japanese SiR with the 160 hp (120 kW) B16A engine. In Europe the SiR was called 1.6i-VT and had a similar B16A1 engine. These top models of the 4th generation Civic were equipped with the VTEC system
In 1990 the 4th generation Civic had a light facelift. Some things that changed were the front bumper design, the front corner lights no longer had the two screws on the outside, the gauge cluster cover shape slightly changed, tail light units design changed, and some American Civics received automatic seat belts (the sedan and wagon received automatic shoulder belts only, while the hatchback received automatic shoulder AND lap belts).
Honda Civicthird generation
The third generation was released in 1984. The separate five-door hatchback and wagon models were merged into a four-door "shuttle wagon." An additional two-seat coupe style—labeled CRX—was introduced, noted for its compact dimensions and light weight. The third generation Civic saw the introduction of the long running four-cylinder D series engine including a new 1.5 L (91.5 cu in) CVCC engine. 1984 also saw the release of a high-performance Si model for the Japanese market, featuring upgraded suspension and the 1.6 L (97.6 cu in) DOHC ZC engine which was rated at 130 PS. Si models were offered in the US as a 3-door Civic Si hatchaback and the CRX Si variant with a 91 horsepower (68 kW) fuel injected SOHC 12-valve engine. A 4WD model was introduced for the first time in 1984, and later upgraded in 1987.
Honda Civic second generation
These second generation Honda Civic was introduced in 1980. It was larger, had a more angular shape, and came with increased engine power. All Civic engines now used the CVCC design, which added a 3rd valve per cylinder; this introduced lean burn swirl technology. The base 1335 cc ("1300") engine made 55 hp (41 kW), with an optional 1488 cc ("1500") engine giving 67 hp (50 kW). Three transmissions were offered: a four-speed manual (on base models), a five-speed manual, and a two-speed semi-automatic that was unique to the industry.automatic.
Honda Civic first generation
Main article: Honda Civic (first generation)
The first generation Honda Civic was introduced in 1972, but sold as a 1973 model. Equipped with a 1,169 cc (71.3 cu in) four-cylinder engine, the first generation Civic was designed to compete with American compact vehicles and offered features such as front power disc brakes and reclining vinyl bucket seats and AM radio. The Civic was available as a coupe, both a three and a five door hatchback, as well as a five door station wagon. Due to the 1973 oil crisis, demand for fuel efficient vehicles was high. The Civic's build quality matched its fuel economy, allowing it to succeed in the market.
The first generation Honda Civic was introduced in 1972, but sold as a 1973 model. Equipped with a 1,169 cc (71.3 cu in) four-cylinder engine, the first generation Civic was designed to compete with American compact vehicles and offered features such as front power disc brakes and reclining vinyl bucket seats and AM radio. The Civic was available as a coupe, both a three and a five door hatchback, as well as a five door station wagon. Due to the 1973 oil crisis, demand for fuel efficient vehicles was high. The Civic's build quality matched its fuel economy, allowing it to succeed in the market.
Honda Civic
The Honda Civic is a line of compact cars developed and manufactured by Honda. In North America, the Civic is the second-longest continuously-running nameplate from a Japanese manufacturer; only the Toyota Corolla, introduced in 1968, has been in production longer. The Civic, along with the Accord and Prelude, comprised Honda's vehicles sold in North America until the 1990s, when the model lineup was expanded. Having gone through several generational changes, the Civic has become larger and more upmarket, and it currently slots between the Fit and Accord.
It was introduced in July 1972 as a two-door coupe, followed by a three-door hatchback that September. With the transverse engine mounting of its 1169 cc engine and front-wheel drive like the British Mini, the car provided good interior space despite overall small dimensions. Early models of the Civic were typically outfitted with a basic AM radio, heater, foam-cushioned plastic trim, two-speed wipers and painted steel rims with a chromed wheel nut cap. As the years went by, it has become much more upscale with options such as air conditioning, power locks, and power windows, leather upholstery, satellite-linked navigation, and a six-speed manual transmission. Initially gaining a reputation for being fuel-efficient, reliable and environmentally friendly, later iterations have become well-known for performance and sportiness, especially the Civic Type-R and Civic SiThe Civic has been rebadged for international markets with such models as the Honda Ballade and Honda Domani/Acura EL. The Civic platform also served as the basis for the CR-X sport compact, the CR-X del Sol targa convertible, and the CR-V compact SUV.
As of 2008, the Civic has been the top-selling car in Canada for eleven straight years. With high gas prices and a weak economy in June 2008, the Civic supplanted the Ford F-Series to become the top-selling vehicle in the United States for that month
It was introduced in July 1972 as a two-door coupe, followed by a three-door hatchback that September. With the transverse engine mounting of its 1169 cc engine and front-wheel drive like the British Mini, the car provided good interior space despite overall small dimensions. Early models of the Civic were typically outfitted with a basic AM radio, heater, foam-cushioned plastic trim, two-speed wipers and painted steel rims with a chromed wheel nut cap. As the years went by, it has become much more upscale with options such as air conditioning, power locks, and power windows, leather upholstery, satellite-linked navigation, and a six-speed manual transmission. Initially gaining a reputation for being fuel-efficient, reliable and environmentally friendly, later iterations have become well-known for performance and sportiness, especially the Civic Type-R and Civic SiThe Civic has been rebadged for international markets with such models as the Honda Ballade and Honda Domani/Acura EL. The Civic platform also served as the basis for the CR-X sport compact, the CR-X del Sol targa convertible, and the CR-V compact SUV.
As of 2008, the Civic has been the top-selling car in Canada for eleven straight years. With high gas prices and a weak economy in June 2008, the Civic supplanted the Ford F-Series to become the top-selling vehicle in the United States for that month
Maruti 800
Maruti 800 is a city car manufactured by Maruti Suzuki in India. It is a rebadged version of an old model of the Suzuki Alto. Over 2.5 million Maruti 800's have been sold since its launch in 1984. The same car is sold in Pakistan as the Suzuki Mehran with a much older 1980s era Suzuki SS80 carburetor based engine.
History
History
It used to be the best selling car in India until 2004, the Maruti aaaaaaaAlyo upon its launch[3] took that title. It is also exported to a number of countries in South Asia including Bangladesh and Sri Lanka, and to some South American markets (as Chile, sold as Suzuki Maruti), and was available in selected European markets between 1988 and 1992, sold as the Suzuki Maruti. In Morocco it is currently sold as Suzuki Maruti (as of March 2008). The car comes in different versions including one with air conditioning and one without. It was launched in December 1984 with almost 100% imported components.
Toyota Land Cruiser Prado
Toyota Land Cruiser Prado is a model designation used in Japan, Austalia, South Africa, Middle East,Southeast Asia and Latin America as well as other parts of the world for medium-duty, mid-sized Four- wheel drive cars in the Toyata Land Cruiser line. They are produced by the Japanese car maker Toyata Motor Corporation. The car is marketed in many other parts of the developing world, such as the Caribbean and large parts of Africa.
In Europe it is sold as simply the Toyota Land Cruiser LC3, LC4 or LC5 (depending on the generation) or with the number series designation (LC 70, LC 90 and LC 120). In North America it is not part of the Land Cruiser range, being instead sold as the Lexus GX470 with nearly identical body panels and a V8 engine.
The current Prado is based on Toyota's J150 platform. Previous models were based on the J70, J90 and J120 platforms. All models designated Prado feature front independent auspension, ladder frame and a two-speed Transfer case.
The Toyota Land Cruiser Prado is available in GX, GXL and VX spec versions, with either short or long wheel base. The GX is the entry level model, while the VX is the more luxurious version. In most markets it is available with either a 4.0 L petrol V6 and a 3.0 L Diesel engine. In some European countries there are commercial van variants, based on the short wheel base chassis.
Suzuki Wagon R
Suzuki Wagon R
Manufacturer Suzuki
Also called Opel Agila
Vauxhall Agila
Suzuki Karimun
Maruti Wagon-R
Mazda AZ-wagon
Production 1993-present
Class Kei car
City car
Related Changhe-Suzuki Beidouxing
Changhe-Suzuki F-MPV
The Suzuki Wagon R is a kei car first introduced in Japan in 1993, and is still in production by Suzuki. The R stands for recreation. It is one of the first cars to use the "tall wagon" design in which the car is designed to be unusually tall with a short bonnet and almost vertical hatchback and sides in order to maximise cabin space while staying within the kei car dimension restrictions.
The Wagon R has been the best-selling kei car in Japan since 2003 and in 2008, Suzuki expected to produce its three-millionth Wagon
Mahindra Scorpio
Mahindra Scorpio
Manufacturer Mahindra and Mahindra Limited
Also called Mahindra Goa (in Europe)
Production 2002–present
Assembly Nasik, India
Class Sport utility vehicle
Body style 4-door SUV
Engine 2.1L Petrol I4 116 hp
2.6L Turbodiesel I4 115 hp
2.2L M-Hawk Turbodiesel I4 120 hp
Transmission 5 speed man./6 speed Auto / optional 4-wheel drive
The Mahindra Scorpio is an SUV manufactured by Mahindra & Mahindra Limited, the flagship company of the $6.3 billion Mahindra Group. It was the first SUV from the company built for the global market. The Scorpio has been successfully accepted in international markets across the globe, and will shortly be launched in the US.
The Scorpio was conceptualized and designed by the in-house integrated design and manufacturing (IDAM) team of M&M. The car has been the recipient of three prestigious awards - the "Car of the Year" award from Business Standard Motoring, the "Best SUV of the Year" by BBC World Wheels and the "Best Car of the Year" award, again, from BBC World Wheels.
Manufacturer Mahindra and Mahindra Limited
Also called Mahindra Goa (in Europe)
Production 2002–present
Assembly Nasik, India
Class Sport utility vehicle
Body style 4-door SUV
Engine 2.1L Petrol I4 116 hp
2.6L Turbodiesel I4 115 hp
2.2L M-Hawk Turbodiesel I4 120 hp
Transmission 5 speed man./6 speed Auto / optional 4-wheel drive
The Mahindra Scorpio is an SUV manufactured by Mahindra & Mahindra Limited, the flagship company of the $6.3 billion Mahindra Group. It was the first SUV from the company built for the global market. The Scorpio has been successfully accepted in international markets across the globe, and will shortly be launched in the US.
The Scorpio was conceptualized and designed by the in-house integrated design and manufacturing (IDAM) team of M&M. The car has been the recipient of three prestigious awards - the "Car of the Year" award from Business Standard Motoring, the "Best SUV of the Year" by BBC World Wheels and the "Best Car of the Year" award, again, from BBC World Wheels.
Chinkara Roadster 1.8S
Chinkara Roadster 1.8S
The Chinkara Roadster is derived from the Lotus 7. The car is put together out of parts from various Indian cars, including the Maruti 800 and the now defunct Standard Herald. While this allows the car to be reasonably advanced, it allows the use of intermediate technology to compete with a western equivalent that may be more advanced. For example, news articles on the car say it uses McPherson struts front and rear taken from a Maruti Alto. Powered by an Isuzu 1.8 liter petrol engine, it is available in several states of tune. The basic Maruti 800 suspension at the front and a multi-sourced crude rear suspension take any intended agility out of this package. The steering is dead, the handling is average and the braking is inexistent.
The Chinkara Roadster is derived from the Lotus 7. The car is put together out of parts from various Indian cars, including the Maruti 800 and the now defunct Standard Herald. While this allows the car to be reasonably advanced, it allows the use of intermediate technology to compete with a western equivalent that may be more advanced. For example, news articles on the car say it uses McPherson struts front and rear taken from a Maruti Alto. Powered by an Isuzu 1.8 liter petrol engine, it is available in several states of tune. The basic Maruti 800 suspension at the front and a multi-sourced crude rear suspension take any intended agility out of this package. The steering is dead, the handling is average and the braking is inexistent.
Ashok Leyland
Ashok Leyland (NSE: ASHOKLEY, BSE: 500477) is a commercial vehicle manufacturing company based in Chennai, India. Founded in 1948, the company is one of India's leading manufacturers of commercial vehicles, such as trucks and buses, as well as emergency and military vehicles. Operating six plants, Ashok Leyland also makes spare parts and engines for industrial and marine applications. It sells about 60,000 vehicles and about 7,000 engines annually. It is the second largest commercial vehicle company in India in the medium and heavy commercial vehicle (M&HCV) segment with a market share of 28% (2007-08). With passenger transportation options ranging from 19 seaters to 80 seaters, Ashok Leyland is a market leader in the bus segment.The company claims to carry over 60 million passengers a day, more people than the entire Indian rail network. In the trucks segment Ashok Leyland primarily concentrates on the 16 ton to 25 ton range of trucks. However Ashok Leyland has presence in the entire truck range starting from 7.5 tons to 49 tons. The joint venture announced with Nissan Motors of Japan would improve its presence in the Light Commercial Vehicle
The origin of Ashok Leyland can be traced to the urge for self-reliance, felt by independent India. Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, India’s first Prime Minister, persuaded Mr Raghunandan Saran, an industrialist, to enter automotive manufacture. The company was established in 1948 as Ashok Motors, to assemble Austin cars. The company’s destiny and name changed soon with equity participation by British Leyland and Ashok Leyland commenced manufacture of commercial vehicles in 1955. Today the company is the flagship of the Hinduja Group, a British-based and Indian originated transnational conglomerate.
Early products included the Leyland Comet bus which was a passanger body built on a truck chassis, sold in large numbers to many operators, including Hyderabad Road Transport, Ahmedabad Municipality, Travancore State Transport, Bombay State Transport and Delhi Road Transport Authority. By 1963, the Comet was operated by every State Transport Undertaking in India, and over 8,000 were in service. The Comet was soon joined in production by a version of the Leyland Tiger.
In 1968, production of the Leyland Titan ceased in Britain, but was restarted by Ashok Leyland in India. The Titan PD3 chassis was modified, and a five speed heavy duty constant-mesh gearbox utilized, together with the Ashok Leyland version of the O.680 engine. The Ashok Leyland Titan was very successful, and continued in production for many years.
Over the years, Ashok Leyland vehicles have built a reputation for reliability and ruggedness. This was mainly due to the product design legacy carried over from British Leyland.
Through tie-ups with global technology leaders, supplemented by in-house R&D infrastructure and capabilities, Ashok Leyland has maintained its technological leadership even as it offers the most comprehensive range of model configurations in its class.
Ashok Leyland had a collaboration with Hino Motors, Japan from whom the technology for the H-series engines was bought. Many indigenous versions of H-series engine were developed with 4 and 6 cylinder and also conforming to BS2 and BS3 emission norms in India. These engines proved to be extremely popular with the customers primarily for their excellent fuel efficiency. Most current models of Ashok Leyland come with H-series engines.
In 1987, the overseas holding by Land Rover Leyland International Holdings Limited (LRLIH) was taken over by a joint venture between the Hinduja Group, the Non-Resident Indian transnational group and IVECO Fiat SpA, part of the Fiat Group and Europe's leading truck manufacturer. Ashok Leyland’s long-term plan to become a global player by benchmarking global standards of technology and quality was soon firmed up. Access to international technology and a USD 200 million investment programme created a state-of-the-art manufacturing base to roll out international class products. This resulted in Ashok Leyland launching the 'Cargo' range of trucksb based on European Ford Cargo trucks. These vehicles used Iveco engines and for the first time had factory-fitted cabs. Though the Cargo trucks are no longer in production, the cab continues to be used on the 'ecomet' range of trucks.
In the journey towards global standards of quality, Ashok Leyland reached a major milestone in 1993 when it became the first in India's automobile history to win the ISO 9002 certification. The more comprehensive ISO 9001 certification came in 1994, QS 9000 in 1998 and ISO 14001 certification for all vehicle manufacturing units in 2002. In 2006, Ashok Leyland became the first automobile company in India to receive the TS16949 Corporate Certification
The origin of Ashok Leyland can be traced to the urge for self-reliance, felt by independent India. Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, India’s first Prime Minister, persuaded Mr Raghunandan Saran, an industrialist, to enter automotive manufacture. The company was established in 1948 as Ashok Motors, to assemble Austin cars. The company’s destiny and name changed soon with equity participation by British Leyland and Ashok Leyland commenced manufacture of commercial vehicles in 1955. Today the company is the flagship of the Hinduja Group, a British-based and Indian originated transnational conglomerate.
Early products included the Leyland Comet bus which was a passanger body built on a truck chassis, sold in large numbers to many operators, including Hyderabad Road Transport, Ahmedabad Municipality, Travancore State Transport, Bombay State Transport and Delhi Road Transport Authority. By 1963, the Comet was operated by every State Transport Undertaking in India, and over 8,000 were in service. The Comet was soon joined in production by a version of the Leyland Tiger.
In 1968, production of the Leyland Titan ceased in Britain, but was restarted by Ashok Leyland in India. The Titan PD3 chassis was modified, and a five speed heavy duty constant-mesh gearbox utilized, together with the Ashok Leyland version of the O.680 engine. The Ashok Leyland Titan was very successful, and continued in production for many years.
Over the years, Ashok Leyland vehicles have built a reputation for reliability and ruggedness. This was mainly due to the product design legacy carried over from British Leyland.
Through tie-ups with global technology leaders, supplemented by in-house R&D infrastructure and capabilities, Ashok Leyland has maintained its technological leadership even as it offers the most comprehensive range of model configurations in its class.
Ashok Leyland had a collaboration with Hino Motors, Japan from whom the technology for the H-series engines was bought. Many indigenous versions of H-series engine were developed with 4 and 6 cylinder and also conforming to BS2 and BS3 emission norms in India. These engines proved to be extremely popular with the customers primarily for their excellent fuel efficiency. Most current models of Ashok Leyland come with H-series engines.
In 1987, the overseas holding by Land Rover Leyland International Holdings Limited (LRLIH) was taken over by a joint venture between the Hinduja Group, the Non-Resident Indian transnational group and IVECO Fiat SpA, part of the Fiat Group and Europe's leading truck manufacturer. Ashok Leyland’s long-term plan to become a global player by benchmarking global standards of technology and quality was soon firmed up. Access to international technology and a USD 200 million investment programme created a state-of-the-art manufacturing base to roll out international class products. This resulted in Ashok Leyland launching the 'Cargo' range of trucksb based on European Ford Cargo trucks. These vehicles used Iveco engines and for the first time had factory-fitted cabs. Though the Cargo trucks are no longer in production, the cab continues to be used on the 'ecomet' range of trucks.
In the journey towards global standards of quality, Ashok Leyland reached a major milestone in 1993 when it became the first in India's automobile history to win the ISO 9002 certification. The more comprehensive ISO 9001 certification came in 1994, QS 9000 in 1998 and ISO 14001 certification for all vehicle manufacturing units in 2002. In 2006, Ashok Leyland became the first automobile company in India to receive the TS16949 Corporate Certification
San Storm
San Storm is a two-seat sports car from San Motors India LTD. of India that was introduced in 1998. It was designed by the French Le Mans Group. It is powered by a 1149 cc Renault D7F engine driving the front wheels giving 60 bhp (45 kW) and a top speed of 152 km/h (94 mph). It has a double-skinned, fibreglass-reinforced tubular steel body and chassis, and the weight is only 760 kg (1,676 lb) giving it a quite satisfactory power to weight ratio. The time from 0 to 100 km/h (62 mph) is given as 13 seconds.
In the early 2000s, the Reliant motor company of the United Kingdom began to concentrate on importing "speciality" vehicles rather than its traditional business designing and manufacturing a range of small (often three-wheeler) cars. As well as a number of "light vehicles" made by Piaggio and Ligier, the firm had plans to import the Storm and its cabriolet sister car. However, even though the company had start dates for the importation of these cars, the plan never came to fruition.
The convertible version of the Storm is now being imported in to the UK and sold by Dream Machines, a company based in Heathfield, East Sussex.
This mid-size car is available with different comfort and safety features like power window, power steering, child safety locks, front fog lights, rear defroster, leather etc. Few optional features can sometimes be found in this car like power seat, sun roof etc. This car comes with full comfort and luxury of air-conditioner
In the early 2000s, the Reliant motor company of the United Kingdom began to concentrate on importing "speciality" vehicles rather than its traditional business designing and manufacturing a range of small (often three-wheeler) cars. As well as a number of "light vehicles" made by Piaggio and Ligier, the firm had plans to import the Storm and its cabriolet sister car. However, even though the company had start dates for the importation of these cars, the plan never came to fruition.
The convertible version of the Storm is now being imported in to the UK and sold by Dream Machines, a company based in Heathfield, East Sussex.
This mid-size car is available with different comfort and safety features like power window, power steering, child safety locks, front fog lights, rear defroster, leather etc. Few optional features can sometimes be found in this car like power seat, sun roof etc. This car comes with full comfort and luxury of air-conditioner
Kia Morning(Kia Picanto)
The Kia Morning, known as the Kia Picanto in export markets (except in Chile, where it is badged with its original name and Taiwan where it is known as the Kia EuroStar), Kia New Morning in Vietnam and the Naza Suria or Naza Picanto in Malaysia, is a low cost city car produced in South Korea by Kia Motors (internal model index SA).
The Morning/Picanto is based on a shortened platform of the Hyundai Getz. It is available with either 1.0 or 1.1 L petrol engines. A 3-cylinder diesel engine (based on the Kia Cerato's 1.5 CRD four-cylinder unit), with direct injection and a variable geometry turbocharger, has been available in the European market since Spring 04, with power reaching 75 PS (55 kW). The Morning is 3,495 mm (137.6 in) long with a five-door hatchback body. Automatic gearboxes are optional in the petrol units
To increase its appeal in the European market, the Morning/Picanto is equipped with such features as CD Player (that enables MP1, 2 and 3 audio playback), air conditioning, front and patented rear electric windows, remote central locking, and electric mirrors. These features were advertised in a short-lived ad campaign starring Marcus Gronholm.
The Morning/Picanto is based on a shortened platform of the Hyundai Getz. It is available with either 1.0 or 1.1 L petrol engines. A 3-cylinder diesel engine (based on the Kia Cerato's 1.5 CRD four-cylinder unit), with direct injection and a variable geometry turbocharger, has been available in the European market since Spring 04, with power reaching 75 PS (55 kW). The Morning is 3,495 mm (137.6 in) long with a five-door hatchback body. Automatic gearboxes are optional in the petrol units
To increase its appeal in the European market, the Morning/Picanto is equipped with such features as CD Player (that enables MP1, 2 and 3 audio playback), air conditioning, front and patented rear electric windows, remote central locking, and electric mirrors. These features were advertised in a short-lived ad campaign starring Marcus Gronholm.
Hyundai i10
The Hyundai i10 (called the Inokom i10 in Malaysia) is a city car (hatchback) produced by the Hyundai Motor Company, launched on 31 October 2007, manufactured only in India,at Hyundai's Chennai Plant —and sold globally. Replacing the Atos/Atos Prime/Amica/Santro (except in India, where the lower-priced Santro Xing is still being sold below it), it is marketed below the Getz and i20 (which replaces the Getz in most countries).
Styling
The i10 has a large gaping air-dam, pulled-back headlamps, chrome-lined grill, integrated clear lens fog lamps, a bonnet that has a clam shell hint and a rear window with an upswept kink.
The tailgate has a chrome-lined boot-release handle and an integrated roof spoiler on the top- end versions.
Overall length (3565 mm) and wheelbase (2380 mm) are identical to the Santro with slightly more interior space; Ergonomic design was intended to accommodate tall drivers and increasing rear knee room. The width has been increased (and front and rear track) by 70 mm (2.8 in) for more shoulder room. The height has been reduced by 40 mm (1.6 in). Boot space at 225 litres (7.9 cu ft) is significantly lower than that of Getz.
Interior
The interior has a plastic dash housing with an optional integrated stereo. The instrument binnacle has a large white-faced speedometer, flanked by the tachometer and fuel and temperature gauges.
The gear lever is built into the centre console, leaving space between the front seats for a couple of cup holders.
Styling
The i10 has a large gaping air-dam, pulled-back headlamps, chrome-lined grill, integrated clear lens fog lamps, a bonnet that has a clam shell hint and a rear window with an upswept kink.
The tailgate has a chrome-lined boot-release handle and an integrated roof spoiler on the top- end versions.
Overall length (3565 mm) and wheelbase (2380 mm) are identical to the Santro with slightly more interior space; Ergonomic design was intended to accommodate tall drivers and increasing rear knee room. The width has been increased (and front and rear track) by 70 mm (2.8 in) for more shoulder room. The height has been reduced by 40 mm (1.6 in). Boot space at 225 litres (7.9 cu ft) is significantly lower than that of Getz.
Interior
The interior has a plastic dash housing with an optional integrated stereo. The instrument binnacle has a large white-faced speedometer, flanked by the tachometer and fuel and temperature gauges.
The gear lever is built into the centre console, leaving space between the front seats for a couple of cup holders.
2009 BMW 7 Series
A sneak peek of the new, fifth-generation BMW 7 Series reveals a flagship sedan that retains its essence while improving on virtually all fronts. More of a driver's car than ever, the agile 7 returns with lighter-weight construction, a new suspension and four distinct driving setups (five, if you include the no-holds-barred DSC-off mode). There's also speed-sensitive steering for both front and rear wheels. The U.S. lineup will include the 750i and longer-wheelbase 750Li, both of which will be powered by BMW's new twin-turbo 4.4-liter V8, delivering 400 horsepower, 450 pound-feet of torque and predicted fuel economy in the low 20-mpg range. Inside, a lineup of high-concept innovations like Night Vision with Pedestrian Detection proves to be an attack on the senses. And, yes, iDrive has again been revised to be more intuitive or less frustrating, depending on your experience with previous versions. The more aggressively styled new 7 Series will go on sale in Spring 2009. BMW hasn't announced pricing yet, but don't expect any pleasant surprises in light of the current dollar-euro relationship.
History of BMW
BMW History
BMW began selling cars in the U.S. starting in the late 1960s. The first model was the BMW 2002, a small but entertaining vehicle that led to the development of one of today's most popular German cars, the BMW 3 Series. That iconic model has flourished over the year and has been made available in configurations ranging from the BMW 318ti to the BMW 325i and the BMW M3. The launch of the 3 Series in 1975 loosely coincided with the debut of the larger BMW 5 Series and BMW 7 Series sedans, as well as the BMW 6 Series coupe. The company was on a roll during the '70s, so it's not surprising to learn that these were the first days of BMW Motorsport, the group responsible for the development of the BMW M3, BMW M5, BMW M, BMW M1, and BMW M6. A new model dubbed the BMW 8 Series, powered by a massive V-12 engine, hit the scene in the early 1990s.
By the mid 1990s, BMW had constructed a new manufacturing plant in South Carolina and started building the BMW Z3 roadster, which has since become the BMW Z4. A few years later, the brand's first SUV, the BMW X5, was being built alongside the BMW X3 in the American south. The BMW X6 has since been added to the same assembly line.
BMW is a company with a rich heritage built on long-established reputations of several solid models. The future will not only include advancements in terms of alternative powertrains, but also the continued development and refinement of existing nameplates. The BMW 1 Series tii, for example, harkens back to the days of the BMW 2002 tii, while the BMW Concept 5 Series GT demonstrates a willingness to think beyond the parameters of typical sedan styling.
BMW began selling cars in the U.S. starting in the late 1960s. The first model was the BMW 2002, a small but entertaining vehicle that led to the development of one of today's most popular German cars, the BMW 3 Series. That iconic model has flourished over the year and has been made available in configurations ranging from the BMW 318ti to the BMW 325i and the BMW M3. The launch of the 3 Series in 1975 loosely coincided with the debut of the larger BMW 5 Series and BMW 7 Series sedans, as well as the BMW 6 Series coupe. The company was on a roll during the '70s, so it's not surprising to learn that these were the first days of BMW Motorsport, the group responsible for the development of the BMW M3, BMW M5, BMW M, BMW M1, and BMW M6. A new model dubbed the BMW 8 Series, powered by a massive V-12 engine, hit the scene in the early 1990s.
By the mid 1990s, BMW had constructed a new manufacturing plant in South Carolina and started building the BMW Z3 roadster, which has since become the BMW Z4. A few years later, the brand's first SUV, the BMW X5, was being built alongside the BMW X3 in the American south. The BMW X6 has since been added to the same assembly line.
BMW is a company with a rich heritage built on long-established reputations of several solid models. The future will not only include advancements in terms of alternative powertrains, but also the continued development and refinement of existing nameplates. The BMW 1 Series tii, for example, harkens back to the days of the BMW 2002 tii, while the BMW Concept 5 Series GT demonstrates a willingness to think beyond the parameters of typical sedan styling.
Before buying the second hand car check"the control"
(1) Check that the instruments are all properly lit.
(2) Check for signs of slack and excessive play in the steering wheel
(3) Check to see if the generator light goes out soon after the engine starts – it should.
(4) The oil pressure light should also go out soon after the engine starts.
(5) Check that the temperature gauge goes quickly to the warm zone. If it runs too cold or too hot you are in for problems.
(6) Get a friend to check that all the lights are working as you activate them.
(7) Apply the hand-brake. It should lock fully well before the lever reaches the end of it’s track.
(2) Check for signs of slack and excessive play in the steering wheel
(3) Check to see if the generator light goes out soon after the engine starts – it should.
(4) The oil pressure light should also go out soon after the engine starts.
(5) Check that the temperature gauge goes quickly to the warm zone. If it runs too cold or too hot you are in for problems.
(6) Get a friend to check that all the lights are working as you activate them.
(7) Apply the hand-brake. It should lock fully well before the lever reaches the end of it’s track.
beforebuying the second hand car"Under The Bonnet "
Look for signs that the car has been recently serviced. The air filter should be clean and the fan belt should be free from cracks and is correctly tensioned.
(1) Check that the brake fluid level is up to the max level and is clean or not.
(2) Check the electrolyte level in the battery. Look also for white corrosion at the terminals.
(3) Check the engine bay for rust.
(4) Check the level of the oil and it’s condition. If it feels gritty you may be in for problems.
(5) Check the air filter. It shouldn’t be clogged with dirt.
(1) Check that the brake fluid level is up to the max level and is clean or not.
(2) Check the electrolyte level in the battery. Look also for white corrosion at the terminals.
(3) Check the engine bay for rust.
(4) Check the level of the oil and it’s condition. If it feels gritty you may be in for problems.
(5) Check the air filter. It shouldn’t be clogged with dirt.
before buying secondhand car Checking "Under the Car "
If you are buying the car from a garage ask them to place the car on a lift. Otherwise, use a mat and torch to check.
(1) Check for oil leaks from the rear axle.
(2) Check all brake pipes for signs of rust, accident damage or fraying.
(3) Check the muffler for rust holes or loose fitting.
(4) Check for leaks from the oil sump and the clutch housing
(5) Make sure that all of the under body sealants are undamaged.
(1) Check for oil leaks from the rear axle.
(2) Check all brake pipes for signs of rust, accident damage or fraying.
(3) Check the muffler for rust holes or loose fitting.
(4) Check for leaks from the oil sump and the clutch housing
(5) Make sure that all of the under body sealants are undamaged.
before buying secondhand car check "Exterior"
(1) Body Rust: check the large body panels, the inner wings and the sills.
(2) Color Matching: Varying color shades on a panel indicate that the car has been in an accident.
(3) Dampers: bounce the car at each corner. If it bounces more than twice you will have problems with the dampers.
(4) Tyre Tread: Check for uneven wear
(5) Door Alignment: If doors do not align exactly with body panels this could indicate an accident.
(6) Lights: Check that lenses are not cracked.
(7) Mileage: If the mileage is much higher than an average of 10,000 miles for each year, this may indicate that the car has been used as a fleet vehicle.
(8) Driver’s Seat: A sagging driver’s seat along with worn foot pedals are indicative of a high mileage. If the odometer doesn’t indicate this, it has probably been wound back.
Toyota Camry: Beauty mixed with quality
Camry shapes a new global quality standard in the premium luxury segment. Its dynamic physical presence and exhilarating performance stimulates your desire to drive. Your pleasure is heightened by the subtle appeal of contemporary comfort and relaxing atmosphere that speaks directly to your soul. Sleek and strong, the eye-catching design and dramatic stance exudes a vital life force. Vibrant and poised, the bold flowing lines hint at superb aerodynamics, immediately raising spirits.Creating intelligent solutions for today's mobility challenges and taking responsibility for future generations, Toyota is a world leader in the research and development of advanced automobile technology.The sleek aerodynamic curves give it a distinct edge of superiority.Can the sight of an automobile send you into bliss? Yes, says the all new Camry! Let your eyes caress the modern athletic frame. The smooth symphony of curves envelops it perfectly, hood to the bumper. An invitation to take a closer look. Like you the dazzling headlamps command attention.The Camry's spacious, luxurious and quite cabin has a finely crafted interior that provide unparalleled comfort. To enhance your presidential comfort, Camry comes with accessories for you to choose.Changes in material used for interior parts such as door trim, dash inner silencer,etc and their production methods have resulted in reduction in the production of VOC's which are known to cause health hazards when inhaled.From the moment you get behind the wheel, you will experience the unmatched performance of Camry. Our engineers have developed the perfect combination of technologies deserving of a leader.User needs were studied intensively to maximize the utility of available space. Convenient storage spaces are set up throughout the car without spoiling the quality of the interior.Toyota Camry is equipped with a powerful 4 cylinder 16 Valve DOHC VVT-i engine which will give the absolute performance. The engine gives 2362cc power. Compression ratio is 9.8:1. Maximum power output is 123(167)/6,000 kW(PS)/rpm. The engine gives a torque of 224(22.8)/4,000 Nm(kg-m)/rpm. Toyota engines are developed for performance and responsiveness with a big focus on reducing emissions and saving fuel.Safety is a top priority for Toyota. Advanced steering, braking and traction control technologies help keep Camry on the road and out of trouble. Every Toyota model is carefully designed to maximise safety, using computer simulations and real-life crash tests. The body and chassis are built to absorb impact and provide maximum occupant protection, whilst SRS airbags in place in case of a collision
Santro Xing
With the excellent design and extensive testing for over 100,000 kilometers in real Indian road and climate conditions, Santro has proved to be the best compact car in India. Now the new Xing with it’s new aerodynamic styling, power-assisted brakes, the advanced suspensions, the uniquely responsive technology is as much a magnificent creation from Hyundai and Santro Xing, of course, is a benchmark in engineering excellence.Tall, wide and uniquely different, the new Santro Xing has a distinctly European styling. While its sleek lines and pleasing curves and contours will capture your heart. The compact outer dimensions, combined with its sporty stance, will ignite passion of driving into the sun and makes it stand out in a crowd of old hatchbacks and jelly bean shapes.The new Santro Xing comes with all new looking feel exterior and interior styling. That, coupled with new advanced features, offers the best comfort and luxury in a compact car. New bigger and brighter clear headlamps, smiling radiator grille, power operated rear windows with child lock and lots of other smart features like the seat under tray are the hallmarks of Santro Xing.The incredibly roomy interiors of the Tall-Boy Santro is designed to maximize personal space. The ample leg, head and elbowroom allows you to stretch even while sitting - A rare luxury for a car its size. The scientifically designed seats offer firm thigh and back support for comfortable and stress free driving experience while the head restraints in front and rear offer no-compromise safety to all occupants.The car available with a 4 speed automatic transmission system. The 4-speed transmission features a compact ultra-light weight gear train, high performance torque converter and hydraulic-electronic control. With Power Steering lock to lock turn of the steering wheel is substantially lesser; the effort required to turn the wheel is minimal.The Hyundai Santro is powered by the advanced Hyundai Epsilon engine. Employing advanced cylinder head design with dual inlet valves, tumble ports and pentroof combustion chamber, this engine produces incredible power at a much lower rpm compared to any other car in its category. With its unique engine management computer continuously sensing what's happening inside the engine, to constantly monitoring the engine performance, makes it amazingly responsive to your touch and feel. The multi-point fuel injection system along with dual intake valves meters the exact amount of fuel that your engine needs while a Knock Sensor takes care of varying Indian fuel quality.All Santro models come equipped with larger 'Ventilated' front disc brakes. These ventilated discs, with in-built air vents along the circumference, dissipate the heat generated by braking, much faster than the conventional solid discs.The much-improved low drag co-efficient of the wind tunnel developed shape of the Santro Xing ensures maximum fuel economy. The car is tested for safety on one of the most gruelling test tracks in the world. A pair of ultra-high strength steel members is built into the doors for additional protection against side impact.The Santro Xing is not just about passion to give you the best but also about automotive science and technology for your complete care. Every single system in the car contributes to making the Hyundai Santro one of the safest and strongest vehicles in India.
Maruti's one Lakh Car To Beat Tata 'Nano'
Today is the era of cheaper cars, not of the king-size, luxurious and costly ones. One by one every car maker has announced their small and cheaper car to compete with the much hyped 'tata nano', which is expected to over turn the Indian car market. Now it is the turn of Maruti Udyog Limited, India's leading car maker, to add to the row of cheapest cars and unofficial reports state that soon a car priced in 1 lakh bracket will roll out of the company. Earlier, at the launch of Tata Nano, Maruti had denied any plans of manufacturing an ultra low cost car that could compete with Tata"s car and squashed reports of a possible price cut on its flagship Maruti 800. But alarmed by the expected revolution that may hit Indian car market by the launch of Nano, They are reported to have changed the mind and the market expects a small and cheapest car from Maruti
World Cheapest Car the RS1-lakh
India's Tata Motors is about to revolutionize the automotive industry with the introduction of the "World's Cheapest Car." Tata is set to debut the Rs 1-lakh at the Ninth Annual Auto Expo in New Delhi on January 10th 2008. Production is scheduled for mid 2008. To come in under the
estimated $2500 sticker price, Tata has to be very creative with every step of the process.Tata uses online auctions for a larger than the normal percentage of it's part sourcing and cuts material costs by literally cutting out materials. A good example of this is the use of a hollow steering column as opposed to the normal solid standard columns. Another way to keep the costs down, no optional equipment. This mean "The Peoples Car" will have no radio, no power steering, no power windows, no power locks, and very little in the way of horsepower. Losing all these extras mean all the wiring brackets, antennas, motors all contribute to reducing weight. Which is good because the Rs 1-lakh will ship with a 600cc engine that is outperformed by most American's riding lawnmower. With plastic body panels the need for a high performance engine is significantly lowered. Other extras left on the chopping block include auto leveling headlights, as well as one of the of windshield wipers. Trunk space has also been reduced and been described as barely large enough for a briefcase. Don't even bother asking about air conditioning. Despite all this, Tata claims the Rs 1-lakh will meet all safety and emission standards in the markets it is sold in, primarily India with expansion plans throughout Asia. The attention garnered since the conception of the Rs 1-lakh as an idea by Chairman Ratan Tata in 2003 was matched by automakers the world over. Maruti Suzuki, with a 50% market share in India, is uninterested to say the least in relinquishing the grip it has with its low end $5000 car. Meanwhile Ford, Volkswagen, Renault-Nissan and others are scrambling to set up shop in India's emerging market.
estimated $2500 sticker price, Tata has to be very creative with every step of the process.Tata uses online auctions for a larger than the normal percentage of it's part sourcing and cuts material costs by literally cutting out materials. A good example of this is the use of a hollow steering column as opposed to the normal solid standard columns. Another way to keep the costs down, no optional equipment. This mean "The Peoples Car" will have no radio, no power steering, no power windows, no power locks, and very little in the way of horsepower. Losing all these extras mean all the wiring brackets, antennas, motors all contribute to reducing weight. Which is good because the Rs 1-lakh will ship with a 600cc engine that is outperformed by most American's riding lawnmower. With plastic body panels the need for a high performance engine is significantly lowered. Other extras left on the chopping block include auto leveling headlights, as well as one of the of windshield wipers. Trunk space has also been reduced and been described as barely large enough for a briefcase. Don't even bother asking about air conditioning. Despite all this, Tata claims the Rs 1-lakh will meet all safety and emission standards in the markets it is sold in, primarily India with expansion plans throughout Asia. The attention garnered since the conception of the Rs 1-lakh as an idea by Chairman Ratan Tata in 2003 was matched by automakers the world over. Maruti Suzuki, with a 50% market share in India, is uninterested to say the least in relinquishing the grip it has with its low end $5000 car. Meanwhile Ford, Volkswagen, Renault-Nissan and others are scrambling to set up shop in India's emerging market.
Why would the power steering make noise even after fluid has been added?
Why would the power steering make noise even after fluid has been added?
In Car Starting Problems
Power steering noise When the fluid is low and you add some . it still needs more after you run it for awhile. The reason for that is that the pump pumps the fluid through the lines and gets out the air in them. Keep filling and checking after you start the car and turn the wheel from side to side all the way.
The bigger question is why do you need to add fluid?
After you locate and fix that leak, you can address the whine. If it is a Ford, it may be some what normal. It may be air trapped in the line.Or the pump may be damaged from running it dry, or there is blge in the line, starving the pump. Let's assume you have kept up on the maintenance and have flushed the fluid when it was dirty. Let's also assume that the pump is not damaged and you have found and fixed any leaks.
Try this:
Pull the fluid out of the reservior and add one bottle of Lucas brand power steering additive, and top with power steering fluid. I have found this stuff pretty good at resolving many power steering problems. if it's a ford it's because they use plastic parts in there casing's. most other car company's do the same. if that's not the case, then your pump is reciving too much stress from turning. try lubing up the chasis and changing the fluid completly. it wouldnt hurt to check your line's ether. sometime's blockage can cause too much stress on the pump too.
First thing is why are you adding fluid. If it has a leak then i would address that problem first. A pump will not bleed out if it is leaking. If every thing seems to be okay and your pump still whines. Then replace the pump. Note my advice is replace the pump with a new one from the dealer. These so called rebuilt pumps that you buy from places like autozone o'rielys etc.. Are cheaply rebuilt. Especialy if it's a ford. They don't bleed out right improper pump pressures. A good pump will bleed out almost imediatly.With the turn of the wheel a few times. If it doesn't then your pump will more than likely never completly bleed out. Buy a pump from the dealer it cost more but if your like me and don't like the noise then it's worth it.
You probably have air trapped in the system. Bleed the air out by revving the engine to about 1500-2000 rpms and turning the steering wheel almost all the way from one side to the other a few times. This should bleed out the air and take care of your problem.
If the noise is similar to that of a dry bearing, then the problem probably revolves around the power-steering pump itself. If the noise you hear has a "click, click, click" to it when making turns in your vehicle, then the problem is more-than-likely your CV joints. If the noise is screeching, check your belt for wear-and-tear and proper tension.
In Car Starting Problems
Power steering noise When the fluid is low and you add some . it still needs more after you run it for awhile. The reason for that is that the pump pumps the fluid through the lines and gets out the air in them. Keep filling and checking after you start the car and turn the wheel from side to side all the way.
The bigger question is why do you need to add fluid?
After you locate and fix that leak, you can address the whine. If it is a Ford, it may be some what normal. It may be air trapped in the line.Or the pump may be damaged from running it dry, or there is blge in the line, starving the pump. Let's assume you have kept up on the maintenance and have flushed the fluid when it was dirty. Let's also assume that the pump is not damaged and you have found and fixed any leaks.
Try this:
Pull the fluid out of the reservior and add one bottle of Lucas brand power steering additive, and top with power steering fluid. I have found this stuff pretty good at resolving many power steering problems. if it's a ford it's because they use plastic parts in there casing's. most other car company's do the same. if that's not the case, then your pump is reciving too much stress from turning. try lubing up the chasis and changing the fluid completly. it wouldnt hurt to check your line's ether. sometime's blockage can cause too much stress on the pump too.
First thing is why are you adding fluid. If it has a leak then i would address that problem first. A pump will not bleed out if it is leaking. If every thing seems to be okay and your pump still whines. Then replace the pump. Note my advice is replace the pump with a new one from the dealer. These so called rebuilt pumps that you buy from places like autozone o'rielys etc.. Are cheaply rebuilt. Especialy if it's a ford. They don't bleed out right improper pump pressures. A good pump will bleed out almost imediatly.With the turn of the wheel a few times. If it doesn't then your pump will more than likely never completly bleed out. Buy a pump from the dealer it cost more but if your like me and don't like the noise then it's worth it.
You probably have air trapped in the system. Bleed the air out by revving the engine to about 1500-2000 rpms and turning the steering wheel almost all the way from one side to the other a few times. This should bleed out the air and take care of your problem.
If the noise is similar to that of a dry bearing, then the problem probably revolves around the power-steering pump itself. If the noise you hear has a "click, click, click" to it when making turns in your vehicle, then the problem is more-than-likely your CV joints. If the noise is screeching, check your belt for wear-and-tear and proper tension.
car maintenance
car maintenance tasks include:
Car wash
check/replace the engine oil and replace oil filters
check/replace fuel filter
Car wash
check/replace the engine oil and replace oil filters
check/replace fuel filter
inspect or replace windshield wipers
check or refill windshield washer fluid
inspect tires or pressure and wear
tire balance
tire rotation
wheel alligment
check, clean or replace battery terminals and top up battery fluid
inspect or replace brake pads
check or flush brake fluid
check or flush transmission fluid
check or flush power steering fluid
check and flush engine coolant
inspect or replace spark plugs
inspect or replace air filkter
inspect or replace timing belt and other belts
lubricate locks, latches, hinges
check all lights
tighten chassis nuts and bolts
check if rubber boots are cracked and need replacement
test electronics, e.g., anti lock braking system (ABS)
read fault codes from the engine control unit
Some tasks that have equivalent service intervals are combined into one single service known as a tune up. In modern cars, where electronics control most of the car's functions, the traditional tune-up doesn't apply anymore. Maintenance jobs like a tune-up used to mean getting the engine's performance back on track. Today embedded software takes care of it by constantly checking thousands of sensor signals, compensating for worn-out spark plugs, clogged filters, etc. The so-called limp-home function allows driving on limited power when the engine is in trouble. In the old days this might have meant a breakdown.
check or refill windshield washer fluid
inspect tires or pressure and wear
tire balance
tire rotation
wheel alligment
check, clean or replace battery terminals and top up battery fluid
inspect or replace brake pads
check or flush brake fluid
check or flush transmission fluid
check or flush power steering fluid
check and flush engine coolant
inspect or replace spark plugs
inspect or replace air filkter
inspect or replace timing belt and other belts
lubricate locks, latches, hinges
check all lights
tighten chassis nuts and bolts
check if rubber boots are cracked and need replacement
test electronics, e.g., anti lock braking system (ABS)
read fault codes from the engine control unit
Some tasks that have equivalent service intervals are combined into one single service known as a tune up. In modern cars, where electronics control most of the car's functions, the traditional tune-up doesn't apply anymore. Maintenance jobs like a tune-up used to mean getting the engine's performance back on track. Today embedded software takes care of it by constantly checking thousands of sensor signals, compensating for worn-out spark plugs, clogged filters, etc. The so-called limp-home function allows driving on limited power when the engine is in trouble. In the old days this might have meant a breakdown.
how to get fuel economy in vehicle
how to get fuel economy in vehicle.Some of the procedure are include:
1.Ensure tires are properly inflated. The owners manual for the vehicle will indicate the proper pressure to inflate you tires to. Decreased tire pressure increases the rolling resistance of your tires and decreases fuel economy, and may also increase tire wear and impair performance.
2.The thermostat, oxygen or O2 sensor should be replaced either at a manufacturer recommended interval or when a electronic fault code/ low temperature problem is detected. Electronically fuel injected vehicles have an O2 sensor or sensors in their exhaust system which helps the vehicles computer determine how to optimize fuel economy. These O2 sensors may need to be changed periodically for a vehicle to optimize it's air fuel mixture and maximize it's fuel economy.
3.Insure vehicle air filters are clean. Black or otherwise dirty air filters make your engine work harder to get enough air for proper combustion and decrease its efficiency; however, electronically fuel injected cars can automatically compensate for the decreased air flow caused by a dirty air filter and experience relatively little decrease in fuel economy. Most owners’ manuals will recommend a service interval at which to change the air filter, but periodic visual inspection is the best way to ensure that the air filter is clean.
4.Using the recommended weight of oil can decrease the burden on the engine. Heavier oil weights, such as 20W-50, are harder to maneuver through the engine than, for example, 10W-30 or 5W-20 oils. The result can cause a decrease in fuel economy.
In some countries, the completed services are recorded in a service book which is rubber-stamped by the service center upon completion of each service. A complete service history usually adds to the resale value of a vehicle.
1.Ensure tires are properly inflated. The owners manual for the vehicle will indicate the proper pressure to inflate you tires to. Decreased tire pressure increases the rolling resistance of your tires and decreases fuel economy, and may also increase tire wear and impair performance.
2.The thermostat, oxygen or O2 sensor should be replaced either at a manufacturer recommended interval or when a electronic fault code/ low temperature problem is detected. Electronically fuel injected vehicles have an O2 sensor or sensors in their exhaust system which helps the vehicles computer determine how to optimize fuel economy. These O2 sensors may need to be changed periodically for a vehicle to optimize it's air fuel mixture and maximize it's fuel economy.
3.Insure vehicle air filters are clean. Black or otherwise dirty air filters make your engine work harder to get enough air for proper combustion and decrease its efficiency; however, electronically fuel injected cars can automatically compensate for the decreased air flow caused by a dirty air filter and experience relatively little decrease in fuel economy. Most owners’ manuals will recommend a service interval at which to change the air filter, but periodic visual inspection is the best way to ensure that the air filter is clean.
4.Using the recommended weight of oil can decrease the burden on the engine. Heavier oil weights, such as 20W-50, are harder to maneuver through the engine than, for example, 10W-30 or 5W-20 oils. The result can cause a decrease in fuel economy.
In some countries, the completed services are recorded in a service book which is rubber-stamped by the service center upon completion of each service. A complete service history usually adds to the resale value of a vehicle.
Car maintenance
Car maintenance describes the act of inspecting or testing the condition of car sub-systems and servicing or replacing parts and fluids. Regular maintenance is critical to ensure thesafety,relaiblity,drivability,comfort andlongevity of a car. During preventive maintenance, a number of parts are replaced to avoid major damage or for safety reasons, e.g. timing belt replacement.
The actual schedule of car maintenance varies depending on the year, make, and model of a car, its driving conditions and driver behavior. Car makers recommend the so-called extreme or the ideal service schedule based on impact parameters such as
number of trips and distance traveled per trip per day extreme hot or cold climate conditions
mountainous, dusty or de iced roads ,heavy stop-and-go vs. long distance cruising
towing a trailer or other heavy load
Experienced service advisors in dealerships and independent shops recommend schedule intervals, which are often in between the ideal or extreme service schedule. They base it on the driving conditions and behavior of the car owner or driver.
The actual schedule of car maintenance varies depending on the year, make, and model of a car, its driving conditions and driver behavior. Car makers recommend the so-called extreme or the ideal service schedule based on impact parameters such as
number of trips and distance traveled per trip per day extreme hot or cold climate conditions
mountainous, dusty or de iced roads ,heavy stop-and-go vs. long distance cruising
towing a trailer or other heavy load
Experienced service advisors in dealerships and independent shops recommend schedule intervals, which are often in between the ideal or extreme service schedule. They base it on the driving conditions and behavior of the car owner or driver.
Used car pricing
Used car pricing:
Used car pricing reports typically produce three forms of pricing information.
Dealer or Retail Price is the price you should expect to pay if buying from a licensed new car or used-car dealer retail price. Dealer prices will always be the highest listed because of the dealership’s need to make a profit.
Dealer Trade-in Price or wholesale price is the price you should expect to receive from a dealer if you trade in a car. This is also the price that a dealer will typically pay for a car at a dealer wholesale auction.
Private-Party Price is the price you should expect to pay if you were buying from an individual. A private-party seller is hoping to get more money than they would with a trade-in to a dealer. A private-party buyer is hoping to pay less than the dealer retail price.
The growth of the Internet has fueled the availability of information on the prices of used cars. Whereas this information was once only available in trade publications that dealers had access to, there are now numerous sources for used car pricing. Multiple sources of used car pricing means that the prices you get from different sources often won't agree with each other. This is a result of each pricing guide receiving data from different sources and making different judgments about that data. The best way to determine a price is to cross-check prices with multiple sources and add a dose of your own good judgment to arrive at your price.
Pricing of used cars can be affected by geography; generally a convertible has a much higher demand in Florida than in New Hampshire. Similarly, pickups are often more in demand in rural than urban settings. Condition Is the car in excellent, good or fair condition – has a major impact on pricing. Condition is based on appearances, vehicle history, mechanical condition and mileage. There is much subjectivity in how the condition of a car is evaluated
Used car pricing reports typically produce three forms of pricing information.
Dealer or Retail Price is the price you should expect to pay if buying from a licensed new car or used-car dealer retail price. Dealer prices will always be the highest listed because of the dealership’s need to make a profit.
Dealer Trade-in Price or wholesale price is the price you should expect to receive from a dealer if you trade in a car. This is also the price that a dealer will typically pay for a car at a dealer wholesale auction.
Private-Party Price is the price you should expect to pay if you were buying from an individual. A private-party seller is hoping to get more money than they would with a trade-in to a dealer. A private-party buyer is hoping to pay less than the dealer retail price.
The growth of the Internet has fueled the availability of information on the prices of used cars. Whereas this information was once only available in trade publications that dealers had access to, there are now numerous sources for used car pricing. Multiple sources of used car pricing means that the prices you get from different sources often won't agree with each other. This is a result of each pricing guide receiving data from different sources and making different judgments about that data. The best way to determine a price is to cross-check prices with multiple sources and add a dose of your own good judgment to arrive at your price.
Pricing of used cars can be affected by geography; generally a convertible has a much higher demand in Florida than in New Hampshire. Similarly, pickups are often more in demand in rural than urban settings. Condition Is the car in excellent, good or fair condition – has a major impact on pricing. Condition is based on appearances, vehicle history, mechanical condition and mileage. There is much subjectivity in how the condition of a car is evaluated
vehicle history
Vehicle history reports
In the United States, an estimated 34 percent of consumers (in 2006) are buying vehicle history reports for used cars.Vehicle history reports are an inexpensive way to check the track record of any used vehicle. Vehicle history reports provide customers with a detailed record based on the vehicle's serial number .These reports will indicate items of public record, such as vehicles title branding,lemon law buybacks, odometer fraud and recalls. They may indicate minor/moderate collision damage or improper vehicle maintenance. An attempt to identify vehicles which have been previously owned by hire car rental agencies, police and emergency services or taxi fleets is also made. However, consumers should research vehicles carefully, as these reporting services only report the information to which they have access.
In some places the government is a provider of vehicle history - but this is usually a very limited service providing information on just one aspect of the history.
None of the vehicle history reporting services in any of the countries listed above offer the service for free. citation needed Several of the services, most notably those in the United Kingdom and the United States, sell reports to dealers and then encourage the dealers to display the reports on their Internet sites. These reports are paid for by the dealer and then offered for free to potential buyers of the vehicle.
In the United States, an estimated 34 percent of consumers (in 2006) are buying vehicle history reports for used cars.Vehicle history reports are an inexpensive way to check the track record of any used vehicle. Vehicle history reports provide customers with a detailed record based on the vehicle's serial number .These reports will indicate items of public record, such as vehicles title branding,lemon law buybacks, odometer fraud and recalls. They may indicate minor/moderate collision damage or improper vehicle maintenance. An attempt to identify vehicles which have been previously owned by hire car rental agencies, police and emergency services or taxi fleets is also made. However, consumers should research vehicles carefully, as these reporting services only report the information to which they have access.
In some places the government is a provider of vehicle history - but this is usually a very limited service providing information on just one aspect of the history.
None of the vehicle history reporting services in any of the countries listed above offer the service for free. citation needed Several of the services, most notably those in the United Kingdom and the United States, sell reports to dealers and then encourage the dealers to display the reports on their Internet sites. These reports are paid for by the dealer and then offered for free to potential buyers of the vehicle.
Top TenPopular Used Cars
Top 10 Most Popular Used Cars
The used car market place is full of makes and models from across the world. But it might come as a surprise that many of the nation’s most popular used cars are also the most popular new cars. While the data change with the passing months and appearance of new, more fuel-efficient cars on the used marketplace - statistics show that consumers tend to lean toward reliability, efficiency and affordable luxury when it comes to used cars.
Honda Accord: Also credited in most published reports as the most popular new car in the nation, the Accord remains a longstanding favorite of the American public. Consumers have historically responded to the Accord’s durability, affordability and luxury touches. And recent additions of hybrid models make it environmentally attractive.
Honda Civic: The Accord’s slightly smaller sibling is, by no surprise, nearly equally in desire. Considered slightly more affordable and fuel-efficient when compared to the larger Accord, the Civic also has models that add extra luxury and features. It’s also the third most popular new car on the market today.
Ford Mustang: The iconic American sports car remains one of the most desirable. It’s new modern styling has made the Mustang even more desirable on the used car marketplace but hey, it’s hard not to turn your head when you see a classic ’60s-era Mustang on the road.
Ford F-150: One of the mainstays in the truck marketplace, the Ford F-150 is a favorite for contractors, electricians, laborers and families that like the ability to haul large items. With a reputation for quality and long life spans, it’s no surprise that these trucks are popular on the used-car marketplace.
Jeep Grand Cherokee: One of the most popular sport-utility vehicle designs in the last 20 years, the Grand Cherokee became an attractive option for families that wanted a city-friendly, non-minivan feel. V-6 and V-8 models add a touch of power to an otherwise stylized car.
Jeep Wrangler: Another iconic American design, the Wrangler combined off-road styling with city-friendly features. A redesign in 2008 brought the iconic Wrangler into the 21st century with many added improvements.
Nissan Altima: Popular with owners for its reliability and strong resale value, the Altima offers luxury features and styling - with a dash of affordability that might not be available with a high-end vehicle.
Chevrolet Tahoe: One of the all-time favorite SUVs on the marketplace in the ’90s and into the 2000s, the Tahoe combined off-road capabilities with comfort and luxury styling. And compared to some of its SUV cousins, the Tahoe earned comparably good fuel-efficiency ratings.
Toyota Camry: It’s probably no surprise that the Camry makes the list of most popular used cars - it’s one of the nation’s best-selling new cars. Considered highly reliable and comfortable, but also fairly luxurious for its price, the Camry has been one of the most desired cars for several years.
Nissan Maxima: Consider the Maxima Nissan’s answer to the Camry. And consumers like both. Well styled with a sporty suspension, the Maxima has been long praised for its resale value and design. Considered a sports sedan, it also comes with several optional luxury features.
The used car market place is full of makes and models from across the world. But it might come as a surprise that many of the nation’s most popular used cars are also the most popular new cars. While the data change with the passing months and appearance of new, more fuel-efficient cars on the used marketplace - statistics show that consumers tend to lean toward reliability, efficiency and affordable luxury when it comes to used cars.
Honda Accord: Also credited in most published reports as the most popular new car in the nation, the Accord remains a longstanding favorite of the American public. Consumers have historically responded to the Accord’s durability, affordability and luxury touches. And recent additions of hybrid models make it environmentally attractive.
Honda Civic: The Accord’s slightly smaller sibling is, by no surprise, nearly equally in desire. Considered slightly more affordable and fuel-efficient when compared to the larger Accord, the Civic also has models that add extra luxury and features. It’s also the third most popular new car on the market today.
Ford Mustang: The iconic American sports car remains one of the most desirable. It’s new modern styling has made the Mustang even more desirable on the used car marketplace but hey, it’s hard not to turn your head when you see a classic ’60s-era Mustang on the road.
Ford F-150: One of the mainstays in the truck marketplace, the Ford F-150 is a favorite for contractors, electricians, laborers and families that like the ability to haul large items. With a reputation for quality and long life spans, it’s no surprise that these trucks are popular on the used-car marketplace.
Jeep Grand Cherokee: One of the most popular sport-utility vehicle designs in the last 20 years, the Grand Cherokee became an attractive option for families that wanted a city-friendly, non-minivan feel. V-6 and V-8 models add a touch of power to an otherwise stylized car.
Jeep Wrangler: Another iconic American design, the Wrangler combined off-road styling with city-friendly features. A redesign in 2008 brought the iconic Wrangler into the 21st century with many added improvements.
Nissan Altima: Popular with owners for its reliability and strong resale value, the Altima offers luxury features and styling - with a dash of affordability that might not be available with a high-end vehicle.
Chevrolet Tahoe: One of the all-time favorite SUVs on the marketplace in the ’90s and into the 2000s, the Tahoe combined off-road capabilities with comfort and luxury styling. And compared to some of its SUV cousins, the Tahoe earned comparably good fuel-efficiency ratings.
Toyota Camry: It’s probably no surprise that the Camry makes the list of most popular used cars - it’s one of the nation’s best-selling new cars. Considered highly reliable and comfortable, but also fairly luxurious for its price, the Camry has been one of the most desired cars for several years.
Nissan Maxima: Consider the Maxima Nissan’s answer to the Camry. And consumers like both. Well styled with a sporty suspension, the Maxima has been long praised for its resale value and design. Considered a sports sedan, it also comes with several optional luxury features.
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